Research http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research Browse the wealth of information offered from an organisation with a century and a half experience of assessment values a broad long term view of research that underpins and informs our thoughts, processes and products. en-gb Tales of the expected: the influence of students’ expectations on question validity and implications for writing exam questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Crisp, V., Sweiry, E., Ahmed, A. & Pollitt, A. || Educational Research, 50(1), 95-115 [] Improving students’ capacity to show their knowledge, understanding and skills in exams by using combined question and answer papers http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Crisp, V. || Research Papers in Education, 23(1), 69-84 [] Grading in competence-based qualifications – is it desirable and how might it affect validity? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M. || Journal of Further and Higher Education, 32(2), 175-184 [] What goes through an examiner's mind? Using verbal protocols to gain insights into the GCSE marking process http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Suto, W. M. I.& Greatorex, J. || British Educational Research Journal, [vol 34, issue 2, p213-233] [] A Quantitative Analysis of Cognitive Strategy Usage in the Marking of Two GCSE Examinations http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Suto, W. M. I. & Greatorex, J. || Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice [vol 15, issue 1, p73-89] [] Exploring assessor consistency in a Health and Social Care qualification using a sociocultural perspective http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M. || Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 60(2), 173-187 [] Judging Text Presented on Screen: implications for validity http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M. & Greatorex, J. || E-Learning, 5(1), 40-50 [] Assessing at the borderline: using a mixed method approach to find out what assessors attend to when they holistically judge a vocationally-related portfolio http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M. || Issues in Educational Research, 18 (1), 26-43 [] Exploring the nature of examiner thinking during the process of examination marking http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Crisp, V. || Cambridge Journal of Education, 38(2), 247-264 [] The Development of a Formative Scenario-Based Computer Assisted Assessment Tool in Psychology for Teachers: The PePCAA Project http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Crisp, V. & Ward, C. || Computers and Education, 50, 1509-1526 [] What makes AS marking reliable? An experiment with some stages from the standardisation process http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. and Bell J. F. || Research Papers in Education, pages 23, 3, 333–355 [] The validity of using verbal protocol analysis to investigate the processes involved in examination marking http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Crisp, V. || Research in Education, 79, 1-12 [] Effect of single-sex education on progress in GCSE http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Eva Malacova || Oxford Review of Education [Vol. 33, Issue 2, 233-259] Does the anticipation of a merit grade motivate vocational test-takers? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M || Research in Post-Compulsory Education [Vol.12, Issue 2, 159-179] The use of annotations in examination marking: opening a window into markers’ minds http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Crisp, V. & Johnson, M. || British Educational Research Journal [Vol. 33, Issue 6, 943-961] [] The use of annotations in examination marking: opening a window into markers’ minds http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Crisp, V. & Johnson, M. || British Educational Research Journal, 33(6), 943-961. [] ‘The demands of exam syllabuses and question papers’, in: P. Newton, J. Baird, H. Goldstein, H. Patrick, & P. Tymms (Eds.) http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Pollitt, A., Ahmed, A. and Crisp, V. || Techniques for monitoring the comparability of examination standards. London: QCA [] 'Paired comparison methods', in: P. Newton, J. Baird, H. Goldstein, H. Patrick, & P. Tymms (Eds.) http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bramley, T. || Techniques for monitoring the comparability of examination standards. London: QCA [] What strategies do IGCSE examiners use to mark candidates' scripts? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. || International Schools Journal, 27(1), 48-55 [] Can a picture ruin a thousand words? The effects of visual resources in exam questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Crisp, V. & Sweiry, E. || Educational Research [Vol. 48, Issue 2, 139-154] Can different teaching strategies or methods of preparing pupils lead to greater improvements from GCSE to A level improvements? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. & Malacova, E. || Research Papers in Education [Vol. 21, Issue 3, 255-294] Can different teaching strategies or methods of preparing pupils lead to greater improvements from GCSE to A level improvements? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. and Malacova, E. || Research Papers in Education Policy and Practice [Vol. 21, Issue 3, 255-294] On-line Mathematics Assessment: The Impact of Mode on Performance and Question Answering Strategies http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M. and Green, S. || The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment. [Vol. 4, No. 5] A review of vocational research in the UK 2002-2006: measurement and accessibility issues. http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M. || International Journal of Training Research [Vol. 4, Issue 2, 48-71] Accessibility, easiness and standards http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bramley, T. || Educational Research [Vol. 47, Issue 2, 251 - 261] A Rank-Ordering Method for Equating Tests by Expert Judgement http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bramley, T. || Journal of Applied Measurement [Vol. 6, Issue 2, 202-223] Concepts of Difficulty: A Child's Eye View http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M. || In M. Pandis, A. Ward and Mathews, S. R. (Eds), Reading, Writing, Thinking. Newark, DE: International Reading Association [199-207. ISBN 0-87207-594-X ] There are no wrong answers: an investigation into the assessment of candidates responses to essay-based examinations http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) O' Donovan, N || Oxford Review of Education [Vol. 31, Issue 3, 395-422] The changing pattern of A-level/AS uptake in England http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F., Malacova, E., & Shannon, M. || The Curriculum Journal [vol. 16, issue 3, 391-400] Assessing the evidence: different types of NVQ evidence and their impact on reliability and fairness. http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. || Journal of Vocational Education and Training [Vol. 57, Issue 2, 149-264] Does the gender of examiners influence their marking? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. and Bell, J. F. || Research in Education [Vol. 71, 25-36] IMS Question and Test Interoperability Specification http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Lay, S. || IMS Global Learning Consortium [Inc, final version published November 2004] This one is more me! What children think about writing test stimuli involving choice http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Johnson, M. || Literacy [Vol. 38, Issue 2, 90-96] What makes marking reliable? Experiments with UK examinations. http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Baird, J., Greatorex, J. and Bell, J. F. || Assessment in Education Principles, Policy and Practice [Vol. 11, Issue 3, 331-348] Developing and applying level descriptors http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. || Westminster Studies in Education [Vol. 26, Issue 2, 125-133] A Comparability Study in GCE A level Chemistry Including the Scottish Advanced Higher Grade http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J., Hamnett, L. and Bell J. F. || A review of the examination requirements and a report on the cross moderation exercise. [A study based on the Summer 2002 Examinations and organised by the Research and Evaluation Division, University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate for OCR on behalf of the Joint Council for General Qualifications.] Examinations and assessment in curriculum 2000. In L.LeVersha & G. Nicholls (eds.) http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. || Teaching at post-16: Effective teaching in the A-level, AS and VCE curriculum [(London, Kogan Page)] Exploring a paradox in children's writing: An investigation of evidence which suggests that task support does not have the desired effect http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Green, S. || Education 3-13 [Vol. 31, Issue 3, 19-21] Beyond the school gates: the influence of school neighbourhood on the relative progress of pupils http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || Oxford Review of Education [Vol. 29, Issue 4, 485-502] What do children think as they plan their writing? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Green, S. & Sutton, P. || Reading, Literacy and Language, UKRA [Vol. 37, Issue 1, 32-38] The Horseless Carriage Stage: replacing conventional measures http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Raikes, N. & Harding, R. || Assessment in Education [Vol. 10, Issue 3, November 2003, 268-277] A Comparability Study in GCE AS Chemistry Including parts of the Scottish Higher Grade Examinations http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J., Elliott, G. & Bell, J. F. || A review of the examination requirements and a report on the cross moderation exercise. [A study based on the Summer 2001 Examination and organised by the Research and Evaluation Division, UCLES for OCR on behalf of the Joint Council for General Qualifications.] A fair comparison? The evolution of methods of comparability in national assessment http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Elliott, G. & Greatorex, J. || Educational Studies [Vol. 28, Issue 3, 253-264] Back to the future: A methodology for comparing old A level and new AS standards http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Elliott, G., Greatorex, J., Forster, M., & Bell, J.F. || Educational Studies [Vol. 28, Issue 2, 163-180] Making Accounting examiners' tacit knowledge more explicit: developing grade descriptors for Accounting A Level http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. || Research Papers in Education [Vol. 17, Issue 2, 211-226] Writing and using level descriptors http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. || Learning and Skills Research Journal [Vol. 6, Issue 1, 36] A Primary Curriculum Framework from Cambridge http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Green, S. || Cambridge International Examinations, UCLES [] Using Multilevel Models to Assess the Comparability of Examinations [CD-Rom]. In: J. Blasius, J. Hox, E. de Leeuw & P. Schmidt (Eds.) http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. and Dexter, T. || Social science methodology in the new millennium [Opladen, FRG: Leske + Budrich] three chapters in: "Keeping Up with our Neighbours: ICT developments in Australian Higher Education http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Harding, R.D || Editor: Petra Boezerooy (University of Twente). ALT, SURF, LTSN Generic Centre [pp160. ISBN1-90419-030-8] Thinking Skills and University Admissions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Robinson, P. || Presentation made to CIE seminar: Thinking Skills for the 21st Century. [Cambridge 18 November 2002] Making the grade - developing grade profiles for accounting using a discriminator model of performance http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J., Johnson, C. & Frame, K. || Westminster Studies in Education [Vol. 24, Issue 2, 167-181] The Question Tariff Problem in GCSE Mathematics http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bramley, T. || Evaluation & Research in Education [Vol. 15, Issue 2, 95 - 107. Multilingual Matters] Making the grade - how question choice and type affect the development of grade descriptors http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. || Educational Studies [Vol. 27, Issue 4, 451-464] Using evidence in practical science - pupils' thinking http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Green, S. || Primary Science Review [ASE, Issue No. 69] Understanding Organisational Features of Texts: A Realistic Expectation at Key Stage 2 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Green, S. || Reading [Issue 35, 2, July 2001] How apparent variations in exam results can mislead: an example in IGCSE English as a Second Language http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Massey, A.J. & Hamnett, L. || International Schools Journal [XX, Issue 2, 65-73] Educational standards http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Pollitt, A. || Assessment in Education: principles, policy & practice [No. 8, 261-72] Investigating gender differences in the science performance of sixteen-year-olds in the UK http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || International Journal Science Education [Vol. 23, Issue 5, 469-486] Patterns of subject uptake and examination entry 1984-1997 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || Educational Studies [Vol. 27, Issue 2, 201-219] Patterns of Uptake of Modern Language Examinations in England http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. & Forster, M. || Language Learning Journal [Issue 24, 48-52] Children put national tests to the test http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Green, C., Hamnett, L. & Green, S. || Education 3-13 [Vol.29, Issue 3, 39-42] The ITAL Unit http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Harding, R. & Lay, S. || CIE International Outlook [Issue 5, 14-15] What have examinations got to do with computers in education? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Harding, R. || Journal of Computer Assisted Learning [Vol. 17, Issue 3, 322-328] Evaluating the performances of minority ethnic pupils in secondary schools http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Haque, Z. & Bell, J.F. || Oxford Review of Education [Vol. 27, Issue 3, 357-368] On-line Teacher Communities and Continuing Professional Development, Teacher Development http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Riding, P. || Teacher Development [Vol. 5, Issue 3, 283-295] Cambridge Assessment for Primary Schools - Assessment for Key Stage 2 English http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Primary Assessment Unit || Cambridge University Press [] An accessible analytical approach for investigating what happens between the rounds of a Delphi study http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. & Dexter, T. || Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies [Vol. 32, Issue 4, 1016-1024] A neural basis for general intelligence http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Duncan, J., Seitz, R.J., Kolodny, J., Bor, D., Herzog, H., Ahmed, A., Newell, F. & Emslie, H. || Science [Vol. 289, No. 5478, 460-463] Using Ordinal Multilevel Models to Assess the Comparability of Examinations http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. & Dexter, T. || Multilevel modelling newsletter [December, 12, 2, 4-9] A Review of Research into Levels, Profiles and Comparability http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. & Greatorex, J. || QCA [QCA] Calculating the Difference: A discussion of the use of calculators in the Primary Classroom http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Green, C. || Millennium Maths Project online [Magazine NRICH September 2000] Relationships between sport knowledge, sport performance and academic ability: Empirical evidence from GCSE Physical Education http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Dexter, T.E. || Journal of Sports Sciences [No. 17, 283-295] Generic Descriptors - a Health Check http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Greatorex, J. || Quality in Higher Education [Vol. 5.2, 155-165] Cambridge Assessment for Primary Schools - Assessment for Key Stage 2 Science http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Primary Assessment Unit || Cambridge University Press [] Assessing changes in standards over time using Thurstone Paired Comparisons http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bramley, T., Bell, J.F., & Pollitt, A. || Education Research and Perspectives [Vol. 25, Issue 2, 1-23] The effects of structure on the demands in GCSE and A Level questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Pollitt, A., Hughes, S., Ahmed, A., Fisher-Hoch, H. & Bramley, T. || QCA [] Contribution to discussion of Organisations selecting people: how the process could be made fairer by the appropriate use of lotteries http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || The Statistician [] Contribution to discussion of Langford, I., and Lewis, T. Outliers in Multilevel data http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A - Statistics in Society [Vol. 161, Issue 2, 153-160] Girls still lag behind boys in science http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || Times Educational Supplement [6 March] Tarnished gold standard http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || Times Educational Supplement [28 August] Investigating A-level mathematics standards over time http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F., Bramley, T., & Raikes, N. || British Journal of Curriculum and Assessment [Vol. 8, Issue 2, 7-11] Contribution to discussion of Langford, I., and Lewis, T. Outliers in Multilevel data. http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || Journal of the Royal Statistical Society [Series A - Statistics in Society, Vol. 161, Issue 2, 153-160] Date of birth and achievement in GCSE and GCE A Level http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Alton, A. & Massey, A.J. || Educational Research [Vol. 40, Issue 1, 105 - 109] The feasibility of equating national test standards in science between key stages 2 and 3 and from year to year http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Massey, A.J. || Educational Review [Vol. 49, Issue 1, 29 -45] An investigation of pupils' competence in aspects of literacy at different ages http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Pollitt, A. & Taylor, L. || QCA [] Multitrait-multimethod/multiform evidence for the validity of reporting units in national assessments in science at age 14 in England and Wales http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Massey, A.J. || Educational and Psychological Measurement [Vol. 57, Issue 1, 108 -117] Variations in class sizes and achievement in GCSE mathematics by pupils from LEA/GM and independent schools http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Massey, A.J. || Research in Education [No. 57, 25-35] Birthdate and ratings of sporting achievement: analysis of Physical Education GCSE results http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F., Massey A.J. & Dexter, T. || European Journal of Physical Education [Vol. 2, Issue 2, 160 - 166] Question choice in English literature examinations http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || Oxford Review of Education [Vol. 23, Issue 4, 447-458] Evidence for the continued existence of the Physics 'gap' at age 16 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. || British Journal of Curriculum and Assessment [Vol. 7, Issue 3, 35-39.] Season of birth, sex and success in GCSE English, Mathematics and Science: some long lasting effects from the early years http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Massey, A.J., Elliott, G. & Ross, E. || Research Papers in Education [Vol. 11, Issue 2, 129-150] Significance of birth-dates http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Bell, J.F. & Massey, A.J. || Nature [382, 666.] Criterion-related test development and national test standards http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Massey, A.J. || Assessment in Education [Vol. 2, Issue 2, 187-203] Standards are slippery http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Massey, A.J. || British Journal of Curriculum & Assessment [Autumn, 37-38] Audit of the 1993 KS3 Science National Test Pilot and the concept of quasi-reconciliation http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/Our_Services/Research/Published_Articles_and_Journal_Papers (Research Article) Massey, A.J. & Foulkes, J. || Evaluation and Research in Education [Vol. 8, Issue 3, 119-132] Exploring the role of human judgement in examination marking: findings from some empirical studies http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/120184_Exploring_the_role_of_human_judgement_in_examination_marking.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J., Suto W.M.I. and Nadas, R. || ALTE, Cambridge Can emotional and social abilities predict differences in attainment at secondary school? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/165183_Can_emotional_and_social_abilities_predict_differences_in_attainment_at_secondary_school.pdf (Conference Paper) Vidal Rodeiro, C.L., Bell, J.F. and Emery, J.L. || BERA 2008 and IAEA 2008 Alternative Approaches to National Assessment at KS1, KS2 and KS3 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/154945_Alternative_Approaches.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S., Bell, F J., Oates, T. and Bramley, T. || Assessment Instruments over Time http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/165683_Assessment_Instruments_over_Time_2008_FINAL.pdf (Conference Paper) Elliott, G., Black, B. Ireland, J., Gill, T., Bramley, T. Johnson, N. and Curcin, M. || Poster presentation at IAEA 2008 An exploration of self-confidence and insight into marking accuracy among GCSE maths and physics markers http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113779_RNIS_self-confdence_Abstract_for_BERA_07.pdf (Conference Paper) Nadas, R. and Suto, I. || British Educational Research Association Selecting medical students with the BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT) http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113969_AMEE_abstract.pdf (Conference Paper) Emery, J. || Association for Medical Education in Europe, Trondheim, Norway Beyond 3 ‘A’ grades: selecting the best of the best for competitive places in higher education http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113792_BERA_abstract.pdf (Conference Paper) Emery, J. || British Educational Research Association A consideration of assessment validity in relation to classroom practice http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113797_IAEA_abstract__6__NJ_07_final.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, N. || IAEA Exploring how the cognitive strategies used to mark examination questions relate to the efficacy of examiner training http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113791_abstract_ECER_2007_JG.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J., Nádas, R., Suto, I. and Bell, J F. || ECER Conference in Ghent, Belgium An investigation of standard maintaining in GCSE English using a rank-ordering method – http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113795_Abstract_Rank_Eng_TG_2007.pdf (Conference Paper) Gill, T. || British Educational Research Association Do assessors pay attention to appropriate features of student work when making assessment judgements? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113196_IAEA2007VC_abstract_for_website_do_assessors_pay_attention_to.pdf (Conference Paper) Crisp, V. || IAEA, Baku, Azerbaijan The effects of features of GCSE questions on the performance of students with dyslexia http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113198_BERA2007VCMJNN_abstract_for_website_dyslexia.pdf (Conference Paper) Crisp, V., Johnson, M. and Novakovic, N. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Institute of Education, University of London Comparing the decision-making processes involved in marking between examiners and between different types of examination questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113200_BERA2007VC_abstract_for_website_comparing_decision-making.pdf (Conference Paper) Crisp, V. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Institute of Education, University of London What is the best indicator of the effectiveness of schools’ teaching? Why neither traditional nor value-added measures fit the bill http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113887_BERA07abstract_MC.pdf (Conference Paper) Claessen, M. || British Educational Research Association The ‘Marking Expertise’ projects: Empirical investigations of some popular assumptions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113881_ISRN_Abstract_for_IAEA_07_final_draft.pdf (Conference Paper) Suto, I. and Nadas, R. || IAEA, Baku, Azerbaijan What makes some GCSE examination questions harder to mark than others? An exploration of question features related to marking accuracy http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113956_ISRN_Abstract_for_BERA_07_as_in_conf_database__2_.pdf (Conference Paper) Suto, I. and Nadas, R. || British Educational Research Association Contemporary GCSE and A-level Awarding: A psychological perspective on the decision-making process used to judge the quality of candidates’ work http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/127503_Contemporary_GCSE_and_A-level_Awarding_A_psychological_perspective_on_the_decision-making_process_used_to_judge_the_quality_of_candidates____work.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. || British Educational Research Association A level subject choice in England: BERA abstract http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/114191_BERA07_abstrat_-_CVR.pdf (Conference Paper) Vidal-Rodeiro, Carmen L. || British Educational Research Association Use of prior or concurrent measures of educational attainment when studying comparability of examinations using multilevel models http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113948_Multilevel_conference_2007_-_abstract_CVR.pdf (Conference Paper) Vidal Rodeiro, Carmen L. || Sixth International Amsterdam Conference Grading, motivation and vocational assessment http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113307_Grading_motivation_and_vocational_assessment_-_MJ.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, M. || The Journal of Vocational Education and Training International Conference, University of Oxford Assessors’ holistic judgements about borderline performances: some influencing factors http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113306_Assessors_holistic_judgements_about_borderline_performances_some_influencing_factors__MJ_2007.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, M. and Greatorex, J. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of London Institute of Education The effects of within –category heterogeneity of categorical variables in multilevel models http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113932_The_effects_of_withi1__2__6th_intnl_conf_amsterdam_JB.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || Sixth International Amsterdam Conference on Multilevel Analysis How to promote educational quality through national assessment systems http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113988_IAEApaper07FINAL_SGr__2_.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S. and Oates, T. || IAEA, Baku, Azerbaijan A level subject choice in England: Patterns of uptake and factors affecting subject preferences http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/114189_Survey_Report_-_Final.pdf (Conference Paper) Vidal-Rodeiro, Carmen L. || Alternative Approaches to National Assessment http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/165184_Alternative_approaches_to_national_assessment.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S., Bell, F J., Oates, T. and Bramley, T. || Moderated e-portfolio project evaluation http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113968_Moderated_eportfolio.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. || Moderated e-portfolio project evaluation Does a gap to fill lead to gap-filling?: Comparing the nature, length and quality of exam answers in combinbed question and answers booklets with responses in separate answer booklets http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113202_BERA06VC_answer_space_abstract_for_our_website.pdf (Conference Paper) Crisp, V. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Warwick Do examiners’ approaches to marking change between when they first begin marking and when they have marked many scripts? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113778_Abstract_JG_2006_BERA.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference Neighbourhood, school and individual level effects on success at GCE A-level in England: a multilevel analysis http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk (Conference Paper) Vidal Rodeiro, Carmen L. and Bell, J F. || British Educational Research Association Agreement between outcomes from different double marking models http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113771_QoM_Abstract_-_BERA_2006_CVR.pdf (Conference Paper) Vidal-Rodeiro, Carmen L. || British Educational Research Association Vocational review 2002-2006: Issues of validity, reliability and accessibility http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113305_Vocational_review_2002-2006_Issues_of_validity_reliability_and_accessibility_MJ_2007.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, M. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Warwick Modelling the predictive validity of a selection test http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113892_SMABS_2006_AbstractJB.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || 25th Biennial Meeting of the Society of Multivariate Analysis in the Behavioural Sciences What do GCSE examiners think of 'thinking aloud'? Interesting findings from a preliminary study http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113928_What_do_GCSE_examiners_think_of__thinking_aloud__Interesting_findings_from_a_preliminary_study.pdf (Conference Paper) Suto, I. and Greatorex, J. || British Educational Research Association Equating methods used in KS3 Science and English http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/114007_Equating_methods_KS3_TB.pdf (Conference Paper) Bramley, T. || NAA technical seminar, Oxford Thinking Skills and Admissions - A report on the Validity and Reliability of the TSA and MVAT/BMAT Assessments http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113977_Thinking_Skills___Admissions_a_report_on_validity.pdf (Conference Paper) Willmott, A. || ValidityAndReliability2005 The case against the BMAT: Not Withering but Withered? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113949_The_case_against_the_BMAT.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || bell2005bmat Variations in Aspects of Writing in 16+ English Examinations between 1980 and 2004: Vocabulary, Spelling, Punctuation, Sentence Structure, Non-Standard English http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113937_Variations_in_Aspects_of_Writing.pdf (Conference Paper) Massey, A J., Elliott, G L., and Johnson, N K. || masseyresearchmatters The Development of the Assessment of Thinking Skills http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109493_The_development_of_the_Assessment_of_Thinking_Skills.pdf (Conference Paper) Chapman, J. || AssessmentOfThinkingSkills2005 Changing boards: Investigating the effects of centres changing specifications for English GCSE http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109489_Changing_boards_investigating_the_effects_of_centres.pdf (Conference Paper) Malacova, E. & Bell, J.F || Thinking Skills and Admission to Higher Education http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113982_Thinking_Skills___Admissions_to_HE.pdf (Conference Paper) Fisher, A. || Fisher10032005 The use of annotations in examination marking: opening a window into markers' minds http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113282_BERA2005VCMJ_annotations_abstract_for_website.pdf (Conference Paper) Crisp, V. and Johnson, M || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Glamorgan Constructing meaning from school mathematics texts: potential problems and the effect of teacher mediation http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113206_BERA05texts_vcrisp.pdf (Conference Paper) Crisp, V. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Glamorgan The PePCAA project: Formative scenario-based CAA in psychology for teachers http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113284_The_PePCAA_Project_CAA_conf_abstract_for_our_website.pdf (Conference Paper) Crisp, V. and Ward, C. || Ninth International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference, Loughborough University Judging learners’ work on screen. How valid and fair are assessment judgements? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113309_Judging_learners_work_on_screen__How_valid_and_fair_are_assessment_judgements__MJ.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, M. and Greatorex, J. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Glamorgan What goes through an examiner’s mind? Using verbal protocols to gain insights into the GCSE marking process http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113901_BERA_05_Abstract_ISJG.pdf (Conference Paper) Suto, I. and Greatorex, J. || British Educational Research Association, University of Glamorgan International perspectives on assessment in vocational qualifications (ages 14-19): What can we learn from each other? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113930_AEA_Europe_abstract_ISSG_2005.pdf (Conference Paper) Suto, I. and Green, S. || AEA-Europe, Dublin What goes through a marker’s mind? Gaining theoretical insights into the A-level and GCSE marking process http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113951_What_goes_through_a_marker_s_mind_Gaining_theoretical.._JG_and_IS.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. and Suto, I. || Association for Educational Assessment - Europe, Dublin On-line assessment: the impact of mode on student performance http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113933_On-line_Assessment._The_Impact_of_Mode_on_Student_Performanc.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, M. and Green, S. || British Educational Research Association Conference On-line assessment: the impact of mode on students’ strategies, perceptions and behaviours http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113885_On-line_Assessment._The_Impact_of_Mode_on_Students__Strategi.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, M. and Green, S. || British Educational Research Association Conference Changes in Key Stage Two Writing from 1995 to 2002 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113781_Changes_in_Key_Stage_Two_Writing_from_1995-2002.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S., Johnson, M., O’Donovan, N. and Sutton, P. || United Kingdom Reading Association Conference Could Comparative Judgements Of Script Quality Replace Traditional Marking And Improve The Validity Of Exam Questions? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113798_Could_comparative_judgements.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. and Crisp, V. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference Outliers and Multilevel Models http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113955_Outliers_and_Multilevel_Models.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. and Malacova, E. || RC33 Sixth International Conference on Social Science Methodology: Recent Developments and Applications in Social Research Methodology The Preparation of E-Moderators to Run an International On-Line Teacher Training Course http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113946_The_preparation_of_e-moderators.pdf (Conference Paper) Riding, P. and Daw, C. || International Conference on Computers in Education Thinking Skills Tests for University Admission http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113945_Thinking_Skills___Admissions_Tests_for_University_Admissions.pdf (Conference Paper) Harding, R. || 8th International CAA Conference From Paper to Screen: some issues on the way http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113972_From_Paper_to_screen._Some_Issues_on_the_Way.pdf (Conference Paper) Raikes, N., Greatorex, J. and Shaw, S. || International Association for Educational Assessment Let's stop marking exams http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113942_Let_s_Stop_Marking_Exams.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. || IAEA Conference Quantifying support: Grading achievement with the Support Model http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113967_Quantifying_Support._Grading_achievement_with_the_Support_Mo.pdf (Conference Paper) Ahmed, A. and Pollitt, A. || IAEA Conference Medical and Veterinary Admissions Test Validation Study http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109480_Medical_and_Veterinary_Admissions_Tests.pdf (Conference Paper) Massey, A.J. || MedicalAndVeterinary2004 BMAT scores and outcomes of applications to the University of Cambridge for medical and veterinary courses in 2003 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109504_BMAT_scores_and_outcomes.pdf (Conference Paper) Shannon M. || BMATscores2004 A Preliminary Investigation of Question Bias http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109483_A_Preliminary_investigation.pdf (Conference Paper) Willmott, A. || QuestionBias2003 The Horseless carriage Stage: replacing conventional measures http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113883_The_Horseless_Carriage.pdf (Conference Paper) Raikes, N. and Harding, R. || Assessment in Education Concepts of difficulty - a child's eye view http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113790_Concepts_of_Difficulty_-_A_Child_s_Eye_View.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, M. || British Educational Research Association Conference How can NVQ assessors’ judgements be standardised? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113886_How_can_NVQ_Assessors__Judgements_be_Standardised.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. and Shannon, M. || A paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Conference What happened to limen referencing? An exploration of how the Awarding of public examinations has been and might be conceptualised http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113939_What_Happened_to_Limen_Referencing._An_Exploration_of_how_th.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. || A paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Conference The Changing Pattern of A-level/AS uptake in England http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113960_Changing_Pattern_of_A_level-AS_Uptake_in_England.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell J F., Malacova, E. and Shannon, M. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference Can a picture ruin a thousand words? Physical aspects of the way exam questions are laid out and the impact of changing them. http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113770_Can_a_Picture_Ruin_a_Thousand_Words._Physical_aspects_of_the.pdf (Conference Paper) Crisp, V. and Sweiry, E. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference MVAT scores and outcomes of applications for medical and veterinary courses in 2002 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109478_MVAT_scores_and_outcomes_of_applications_2002.pdf (Conference Paper) Shannon M., Massey A., Dexter T. || MVAT2002 Auto-Marking:Using Computational Linguistics to Score Short, Free Text Responces http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109498_Auto-marking.pdf (Conference Paper) Sukkarieh, J & Pulman, S. & Raikes, N. || Unknown Monitoring and investigating comparability: a proper role for human judgement http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113958_Monitoring___Investigating_Comparability._A_proper_role_for_.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. and Elliott, G. || Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Seminar on 'Standards and Comparability' Finding a proper role for human judgement in the examination system. http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113954_Finding_a_Proper_Role_for_Human_Judgement_in_the_Examination.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. and Elliott, G. || Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Seminar on 'Standards and Comparability' Analysing student progress in higher education using cross-classified multilevel logistic models http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113789_Analysing_Student_Progress_in_Higher_Education_Using_Cross-c.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || FOURTH INTERNATIONAL AMSTERDAM CONFERENCE ON MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS Formal and Informal On-line Communities to Support Continuing Professional Development for Teachers http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk (Conference Paper) Daw, C. and Riding, P. || eLearning Network Conference on Support Issues for e-Learning What have examinations got to do with computers in education? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113884_What_have_exams_got_to_do_with_computers.pdf (Conference Paper) Harding, R. || University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate Two heads are better than one: Standardising the judgements of National Vocational Qualification assessors http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113894_Two_Heads_are_Better_than_One._Standardising_the_Judgement_o.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. || A paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Conference What makes a senior examiner? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113891_What_Makes_a_Senior_Examiner.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. and Bell, J F. || British Educational Research Association Tools for the trade: What makes GCSE marking reliable? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113959_Tools_For_the_Trade._What_Makes_GCSE_Marking_Reliable.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J., Baird, J. and Bell, J F. || Learning Communities and Assessment Cultures: Connecting Research with Practice Does the gender of examiners influence their marking? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113784_Does_the_Gender_of_Examiners_Influence_Their_Marking.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. and Bell, J F. || Learning Communities and Assessment Cultures: Connecting Research with Practice A Simple, Low-cost Environment for the Support of On-line Teacher Professional Development http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113776_A_simple_low_cost_environment.pdf (Conference Paper) Riding, P. and Allington, D. || International Conference on Technology and Education Comparability Study of Pupils' Writing from Different Key Stages http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113786_Comparability_Study_of_Pupils_Writing_from_Different_Key_Sta.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S., Pollitt, A., Johnson, M. and Sutton, P. || British Educational Research Association Conference What makes a good writing stimulus? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113931_What_Makes_a_Good_Writing_Stimulus_-_11-Year-olds_Express_Th.pdf (Conference Paper) Johnson, M. || British Educational Research Association Conference An evaluation of Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar assessments in GCSE http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113801_An_Evaluation_of_Spelling__Punctuation___Grammar_Assessments.pdf (Conference Paper) Massey, A. and Dexter, T. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference Tales of the Expected: The Influence of Students’ Expectations on Exam Validity http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113882_Tales_of_the_Expected._The_Influence_of_Students__Expectatio.pdf (Conference Paper) Sweiry, E., Crisp, V., Ahmed, A. and Pollitt, A. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference The support model for interactive assessment http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113965_Support_Model_for_Interactive_Assessment.pdf (Conference Paper) Ahmed, A. and Pollitt, A. || IAEA Conference Criterion referenced assessment as a guide to learning - the importance of progression and reliability http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113775_Criterion_Referenced_Assessment_as_a_Guide_to_Learning._The_.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S. || Association for the Study of Evaluation in Education in Southern Africa International Conference Building an International On-line Teacher Community to Support Continuing Professional Development http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113800_Building_an_International_Online.pdf (Conference Paper) Parrott M. and Riding, P. || International Conference on Computers in Education On the presentation of the results of multilevel analysis http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113890_On_the_Presentation_of_the_Results_of_Multilevel_Analysis.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || 23rd Biennial Conference of the Society for Multivariate Analysis in the Behavioural Sciences, 1-3 July 2002 Tilburg, The Netherlands MVAT scores and outcomes of applications for medical and veterinary courses in 2001 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109469_MVAT_scores_and_outcomes_of_applications_2001.pdf (Conference Paper) Massey A., Shannon M., Dexter T. || MVATscores2002 The Evolving Role of an External Examinations Board http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113936_The_Evolving_Role_of_an_external_exam_board.pdf (Conference Paper) Harding, R. and Raikes, N. || SCROLLA Symposium On Screen Marking of Scanned Paper Scripts http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113896_On_Screen_Marking.pdf (Conference Paper) Raikes, N. || University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate Understanding students' minds: the key to writing valid mathematics questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113906_Understanding_Students__Minds._The_Key_to_Writing_Valid__Mat.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. || National Center for University Entrance Examinations, Japan A study of the effects of content and structural support in writing tasks http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113785_A_Study_of_the_Effects_of_Content___Structural_Support_in_Wr.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S. || British Educational Research Association Conference Can vocational A levels be meaningfully compared with other qualifications? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113796_Can_Vocational_A_levels_be_Meaningfully_Compared_with_Other_.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. || A paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Conference Online Teacher Communities and Continuing Professional Development http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113879_Online_Teacher_Communities.pdf (Conference Paper) Riding, P. || Teacher Development The effects of different types of written support on children's approaches to mathematical investigations http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113893_Effects_of_Different_Types_of_Written_Support_on_Children_s_.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, C. and Green, S. || BERA Improving the Validity of Contextualised Questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113953_Improving_the_Validity_of_Contextualised_Questions.pdf (Conference Paper) Ahmed, A. and Pollitt, A. || BERA Conference, Leeds Question and Test Interoperability: An Update on National and International Developments http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113952_Question_and_Test_interoperability.pdf (Conference Paper) Lay, S. and Sclate, N. || Unknown Science or Reading?: How students think when answering TIMSS questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113880_Science_or_Reading._How_Students_Think_When_Answering_TIMSS_.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. and Ahmed, A. || International Association for Educational Assessment Visualising multilevel models: the Initial Analysis of Data http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113877_Visualising_Multilevel_Models._The_Initial_Analysis_of_Data.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || Visualising multilevel models: the Initial Analysis of Data MVAT 2000 - Statistical Report http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113964_MVAT_2000_-_Stat_Report.pdf (Conference Paper) Bramley, T. || 2201 ICT in Assessment: A three-legged race http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113878_ICT_in_Assessment.pdf (Conference Paper) Harding, R. and Craven, P. || ICT in Assessment Understanding Students' Minds: How to write more valid questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/114084_AEA_Europe_2001.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. and Ahmed, A. || Conference of the Association for Educational Assessment Assessment of Literacy at Key Stage Two: Text Level Strand of the National Literacy Framework http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113984_Assessment_of_Literacy_at_KS2.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S. and Green, C. || British Educational Research Association Conference Methods of aggregating assessment results to predict future examination http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113944_Methods_of_Aggregating_Assessment_Results_to_Predict_Future_.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference Impact of independent judges in comparability studies conducted by awarding bodies http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113938_Impact_of_Independent_Judges_in_Comparability_Studies_Conduc.pdf (Conference Paper) Forster, M. and Gray, E. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference The Effects of Time-Induced Stress on Making Inferences in Text Comprehension http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113947_Effects_of_Time-Induced_Stress_on_Making_Inferences_in_Text_.pdf (Conference Paper) Kiwan, D. Ahmed, A. and Pollitt, A. || European Conference on Educational Research Comprehension Failures in Educational Assessment http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113787_Comprehension_Failures_in_Educational_Assesment.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. and Ahmed, A. || European Conference on Educational Research Conceptual issues arising from a comparability study http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113782_Conceptual_Issues_arising_from_a_Comparative_Study_Relating_.pdf (Conference Paper) Dexter, T. and Massey, A. || 22nd Biennial Conference of the Society for Multivariate Analysis in the Behavioural Sciences at the London School of Economics Observing Context in Action http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113966_Observing_Context_in_Action.pdf (Conference Paper) Ahmed, A. and Pollitt, A. || IAEA Conference, Jerusalem Language, Contextual and Cultural Constraints on Examination Performance http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113940_Language__Contextual___Cultural_Constraints_on_Exam_Performa.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A., Marriott, C. and Ahmed, A. || International Association for Educational Assessment Science subject uptake for year 11 pupils (1974-1997) http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113943_Science_Subject_uptake_for_Year_11_Pupils_1974-1997.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || Science subject uptake for year 11 pupils (1974-1997 Using multilevel models to assess the comparability of examinations http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113934_Using_Multilevel_Models_to_Assess_the_Comparability_of_Exami.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell J F. and Dexter, T. || Fifth International Conference on Social Science Methodology of the Research Committee on Logic and Methodology (RC33) of the International Sociological Association (ISA) Is the glass half full or half empty? What examiners really think of candidates’ achievement http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113929_Is_the_Glass_Half_Full_or_Half_Empty._What_Examiners_Really_.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex, J. || A paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Conference What research could an Awarding Body carry out about NVQs? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113935_What_Research_Could_an_Awarding_Body_Carry_Out_about_NVQs.pdf (Conference Paper) Greatorex. J. || A paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Conference Application of Number: an investigation into a theoretical framework for understanding the production and reproduction of pedagogical practices http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113777_Application_of_Number._An_investigation_into_a_theoretical_f.pdf (Conference Paper) McAlpine, M. and Greatorex, J. || British Educational Research Association Conference Assessment of Literacy in the Test Level Strand of the National Literacy Framework at Key Stage Two: Issues surrounding Genre and Gender http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113773_Assessment_of_Literacy_in_the_Test_Level_Strand_of_the_Natio.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, C. and Green, S. || European Conference on Educational Research Can Oral Examinations Improve the Psychological Validity of Assessment? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113774_Can_Oral_Examinations_Improve_the_Psychological_Validity_of_.pdf (Conference Paper) Ahmed, A., Pollitt, A., Rose, L. || BPS London Conference The effects of stress on text comprehension and performance in examinations http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113903_Effects_of_Stress_on_Text_Comprehension___Performance_in_Exa.pdf (Conference Paper) Kiwan, D., Ahmed, A. and Pollitt, A. || BPS London Conference Research in effective assessment Key Stage Two science http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113980_Research_in_Effective_Assessment._Key_Stage_Two_Science.pdf (Conference Paper) Green, S. and Nickson, M. || British Educational Research Association Conference Feedback and Assessment in an Open Learning Enviroment http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113961_Feedback___Assessment.pdf (Conference Paper) Harding, R. || Second Regional Symposium on New Media & Learning Technologies Investigating gender differences in the science performance of sixteen-year-old pupils http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113905_Investigating_Gender_Differences_in_the_Science_Performance_.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || BERA Should Oral Assessment be Used More Often? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113950_Should_Oral_Assessment_be_Used_More_Often.pdf (Conference Paper) Ahmed, A. Pollitt, A. and Rose, L. || BERA Conference, Brighton The Application of Number Experience http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113975_Application_of_Number_Experience.pdf (Conference Paper) McAlpine, M. and Greatorex, J. || Researching Work and Learning, A First International Conference, School of Continuing Education The Implementation of Application of Number http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113927_Implementation_of_Application_of_Number.pdf (Conference Paper) McAlpine, M. and Greatorex, J. || BERA Assessing Thinking and Understanding: Can Oral Assessment Provide a Clearer Perspective? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113783_Assessing_Thinking_and_Understanding._Can_Oral_Assessment_Pr.pdf (Conference Paper) Ahmed, A., Pollitt, A., Rose, L. || 8th International Conference on Thinking, Edmonton Canada Curriculum Demands and Question Difficulty http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113772_Curriculum_Demands___Question_Difficulty.pdf (Conference Paper) Ahmed, A. and Pollitt, A. || IAEA Conference, Slovenia A new model of the question answering process http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113788_A_New_Model_of_the_Question_Answering_Process.pdf (Conference Paper) Pollitt, A. and Ahmed, A. || International Association for Educational Assessment The development of a tool for gauging the demands of GCSE and A Level exam questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113888_Development_of_a_Tool_for_Gauging_the_Demands_of_GCSE___A_le.pdf (Conference Paper) Hughes, S., Pollitt, A. and Ahmed, A. || BERA Sex differences in performance in Double Award Science GCSE http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113941_Sex_Differences_in_Performance_in_Double_Award_Science_GCSE.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell, J F. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference Standards in A level Mathematics 1986-1996 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113962_Standards_in_A_level_Mathematics_1986-1996.pdf (Conference Paper) Bell J F., Bramley, T. and Raikes, N. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference What makes GCSE examination questions difficult? Outcomes of manipulating difficulty of GCSE questions http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113957_What_Makes_GCSE_Examination_Questions_Difficult.Outcomes_of_.pdf (Conference Paper) Fisher-Hoch, H., Hughes, S. and Bramley, T. || Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference Calculus Connections Volume 2 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109487_Calculus_Connections_Volume_2.pdf (Conference Paper) Harding, R.D., Lay, S.W. and Quinney,D.A. || ICRD A study of the Effects of Context in the Assessment of the Mathematical Learning of 10/11 year olds http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113794_A_Study_of_the_Effects_of_Context_in_the_Assessment_of_Mathe.pdf (Conference Paper) Nickson, M. and Green, S. || British Educational Research Association Annual Conference What makes mathematics exam questions difficult? http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113963_What_Makes_Mathematics_Examination_Questions_Difficult.pdf (Conference Paper) Fisher-Hoch, H. and Hughes, S. || BERA 1996 Comparing Public Examination Standards over Time http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113793_Comparing_Public_Examination_Standards_Over_Time.pdf (Conference Paper) Patrick, H. || BERA 1996 Academic Aptitude Profile - Proposed Scheme http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109497_Academic_Aptitude_Profile_Proposed.pdf (Conference Paper) UCLES || UCLES1992a Academic Aptitude Profile - Rationale http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/109470_Academic_Aptitude_Profile_Rationale.pdf (Conference Paper) UCLES || UCLES1992b Development of the Syndicate's Higher Education Aptitude Tests http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113768_Development_of_the_Syndicate_s_HE.pdf (Conference Paper) Fisher, A. || Development1992 Proposal To Develop a Higher Studies Test http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113912_Proposal_to_develop_a_Higher_Studies_Test.pdf (Conference Paper) Fisher, A. || Proposal1990 A Higher Studies Test - Summary of Research http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113799_A_Higher_Studies_Test.pdf (Conference Paper) Fisher, A. || Summary1990 Uptake of GCE A-level subjects in England 2006 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113995_Stats_report_5_-_A_level_uptake_2006.pdf (Statistical Report) Emery, J. || Statistics Report Series No.5 Uptake of GCSE subjects 2000-2006 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113990_Uptake_of_GCSE_subjects_2000-2006.pdf (Statistical Report) Vidal Rodeiro, Carmen L. || Statistics Report Series No.4 Numbers of A-level examinations taken by candidates in England 2006 and the percentages attaining 3 or more A grades http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/114465_Statistics_Report_Series_No._6.pdf (Statistical Report) Statistics Report Series No. 6 || Emery, J L Uptake of GCE A-level subjects in England 2001-2005 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113996_A-level_uptake_2001-2005.pdf (Statistical Report) Vidal Rodeiro, Carmen L. || Statistics Report Series No.3 Provision of GCE A-level subjects http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113994_Provision_of_GCE_A-Levels_2004.pdf (Statistical Report) Vidal Rodeiro, Carmen L. || Statistics Report Series No.1 Provision of GCSE subjects http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113993_Provision_of_GCSE_Subjects_v2.pdf (Statistical Report) Claessen, M. || Statistics Report Series No.2 Research Matters: January 2008 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/136163_Research_Matters_5_web_.pdf (Research Matters) Research Matters: January 2008 Research Matters: June 08 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/136183_Research_Matters_6.pdf (Research Matters) Research Matters: June 08 Research Matters: January 2007 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/136143_Research_Matters_3_Jan_2007.pdf (Research Matters) Research Matters: January 2007 Research Matters: June 2007 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/136145_Research_Matters_4_Jun_2007.pdf (Research Matters) Research Matters: June 2007 Research Matters: June 2006 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/136124_Research_Matters_2_Jun_2006.pdf (Research Matters) Research Matters: June 2006. Research Matters: September 2005 http://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/ca/digitalAssets/136105_Research_Matters_1_Sep_2005.pdf (Research Matters) Research Matters: September 2005